Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among Negative Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA)

Prevalensi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Risiko Tinggi pada Hasil Inspeksi Visual dengan Asam Asetat (IVA) yang Negatif

  • Tofan W Utami Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Jakarta
  • Muhammad F Aziz Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Jakarta
  • Gatot Purwoto Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia/ Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta
  • Alexander AW Peters Leiden University Medical Center The Netherlands
  • Gert J Fleuren Leiden University Medical Center The Netherlands
  • Vivian Spaans Leiden University Medical Center The Netherlands
  • Sigit Purbadi Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Jakarta

Abstract

Objective: Persistence of high-risk HPV infection is known to be the major cause of cervical cancer. It is important to differentiate the genotype of HPV infection, whether it is high, intermediate or low risk. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high-risk HPV types among Indonesian women with negative VIA.

Method: We analyzed cervical swabs from 1,214 patients with negative VIA. By using INNO-Lipa HPV DNA test, we detected the HPV DNA and its genotype.

Result: From the 1,214 women with negative VIA, 48 (3.95%) samples were confirmed to have positive HPV DNA by using PCR and electrophoresis. However, hybridization test were not able to detect HPV genotypes in 9 samples. These 9 samples were tested again with PCR and electrophoresis and resulted in negative HPV DNA. Among the remaining 39 samples (3.21%), we detected 19 types of HPV, consisting of 13 types of high-risk HPV, 5 types of low-risk HPV, and 1 type of unknown HPV (type X).

Conclusion: Among patients with negative VIA, 3.21% was found to be positive for HPV DNA. From this percentage, the prevalence of high-risk HPV is higher than the low-risk and unknown HPV. Therefore we cannot ignore results of negative VIA, particularly in highrisk group, because there is a slight possibility that presence of HPV can be identified, especially the high risk ones which have a tendency to be persistent. We support the importance of HPV DNA test as cervical cancer screening method.

Keywords: cervical cancer, high-risk HPV, negative VIA

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Author Biographies

Muhammad F Aziz, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Jakarta

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Gatot Purwoto, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia/ Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta

 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Alexander AW Peters, Leiden University Medical Center The Netherlands

 Department of  Gynecology

Gert J Fleuren, Leiden University Medical Center The Netherlands

 Department of Pathology

Vivian Spaans, Leiden University Medical Center The Netherlands

Department of Pathology

Sigit Purbadi, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia Jakarta

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Published
2014-07-14
Section
Research Article

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